Studies on the implant and the first trials of its
application were performed in 1970 by an Italian physician - Dr Dino
Garbaccio, a creator and pioneer of BICORTICALISM, i.e. the idea of
using the compact part of bone (i.e. cortical layer, Fig. 1) that is
characterised by a different structure and mineralisation when compared
with cancellous part, which immediately make it possible to make a
prosthesis. This fact distinguishes the Garbaccio implant from all
other implants found today (circa 2 thousand).
The Garbaccio screw can be applied in all cases of dental defects found
in a patient (Fig. 2 and 3), practically irrespective of age.
In cases of single tooth loss, in particular in the anterior part of
the maxilla or mandible, the application of the Garbaccio implant
(especially in young people) is a simple expedient, which avoids the
grinding of adjoining, frequently sound teeth with the aim of making a
fixed denture (bridge).
Implantology in this sense is a method that expands the range of
prosthetic convalescence; the application of the Bicortical Screw
prevents resorption, i.e. permanent atrophy of base foundation hard
tissues (bone tissue), this fulfilling this way, apart from
convalescence, also a prophylactic function.
In this specific case (i.e. single tooth loss), prosthetic abutment
obtained by the Garbaccio Screw make it possible to make a single crown
in about 30 minutes, not after 3 or 6 months as in the case in
two-phase techniques.
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CONTRAINDICTIONS FOR EXECUTING IMPLANTATION PROCEDURE
- prominent atrophy of bone tissue of maxillae and mandible;
- stomatic carcinoma;
- past radiotherapy;
- AIDS;
- tuberculosis;
- mental diseases.
INDICATIONS FOR IMPLANTATION PROCEDURE
Everything not referring to contraindictions is an indication for the procedure by means of the bicortical screw system.
The implant may be inserted is specific cases, e.g.:
- directly after extraction of tooth in a patient;
- in patients with parodontosis;
- in patients with thin alveolar process.
IS THE PROCEDURE PAINFUL?
Implantation procedure with the use of the bicortical screw is not
painful. It requires use of a very small amount of topical anaesthetic,
i.e. only in the place of implant insertion. The insertion of the
implant does not require any incision or separation of mucoperiosteal
flap. Minimal invasiveness of the procedure means that patient
convalescence period is not indispensable. Thus, there is no swelling
and postoperative pain as is the case with two-phase implants, i.e.
loaded with a prosthesis after 3 or 6 months.
CAN FAILURES OCCUR IN IMPLANTATION?
Unfortunately, they can. The main reasons for failures are disturbances
in occlusion, i.e. in teeths intercusping, when there is a contact
(articulation) between antagonistic teeth of the maxilla and mandible.
The appearance of traumatic nodes and traumatic occlusion causes as a
consequence occlusion injury.
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